Fortezza Nuova (New Fortress) is an impressive building just north of one of Livorno’s main squares, Piazza della Repubblica. In 1589, Grand Duke Francesco I de’ Medici commissioned architect Bernardo Buontalenti to design the new fortress to protect the city from pirate attacks. The result is the massive structure that stands today. Marvel at the sturdy construction of the fortress, learn about its history and enjoy picturesque views of the canals.
The Fortezza Nuova has a polygonal plan and is constructed almost entirely of red brick. It is surrounded on all sides by a moat and thickly fortified walls. Small piers jut across the moat where the fortress can be accessed from around the city. Enter the fortress from the bridge coming from the docks. Observe the classic military architecture of the era such as ravelins, detached triangular fortifications outside the perimeter that effectively divide any attacking forces.
Even after the threat of pirate attacks became a thing of the past, the fortress remained in use as a barracks and then later as a warehouse. At the end of the 17th century, with the population of Livorno growing, about two-thirds of the original Fortezza Nuova was demolished to make way for the new neighborhoods of San Marco and Venezia Nuova.
See where bombings during World War II destroyed many of the buildings inside the fortress walls. Today, the area inside the walls has been transformed into a large public park. Tour the Sala degli Archi (“Hall of the Arches”), a magnificently renovated space, which features restored vaulted ceilings. Today, it is used as a venue for concerts, exhibitions and special events.
The Fortezza Nuova is a short walk from the center of Livorno and is close to other attractions such as Piazza Grande and Palazzo Grande.